How to Get Someone in a Wheelchair Up Stairs Safely

Helping a person in a wheelchair go up the stairs can feel intimidating, but with the right techniques and equipment, it can be done safely and efficiently. Whether you’re a caregiver assisting an elderly person with a manual wheelchair or looking for solutions like stair lifts or portable ramps, knowing your options is key to helping prevent injuries and ensuring smooth accessibility.

Moving a person who uses a wheelchair up stairs requires careful planning, body strength, and an understanding of equipment like wheelchair lifts and stair-climbing wheelchairs. From using proper handrail support to positioning your grip on the back wheels and front wheels, every detail matters for safety.

We’ll walk you through the safest techniques and most reliable equipment, so you can navigate any flight of stairs with confidence.

Assessing the Situation

Before you attempt to move someone in a wheelchair up stairs, it’s essential to assess the environment and the individual’s needs. Proper planning helps reduce risks and identify the safest and most effective method for the situation.

Evaluating the Staircase: Understanding Potential Risks

Start by checking the stairs—think about how high, long, or steep they are. A short flight might work with a portable ramp or one-person help, but longer or steeper stairs may need a stair lift or platform lift. For spiral or narrow stairs, manual lifts can be risky, so specialized options like stair-climbing wheelchairs might be best.

Next, look at the surface. Outdoor stairs can get slippery when wet, while indoor stairs might be too smooth or too carpeted, which can make moving the wheelchair trickier.

Don’t forget the handrails. Sturdy handrails are a big help when you’re lifting someone manually. If there aren’t any, using a stair lift or safety straps is a safer bet.

Finally, check for hazards like loose carpeting, uneven steps, or clutter, and clear the landing area at the top so there’s enough space to safely position the wheelchair user.

Consider the Person’s Mobility Needs

A wheelchair user’s physical condition is just as important as the stairs themselves. Their weight and the type of wheelchair can really affect what approach you take. Heavier individuals may require a two-person assist or specialized equipment such as a stair-climbing wheelchair or power wheelchair. On the other hand, manual wheelchairs are lighter and easier to maneuver but can be more challenging to stabilize during a lift.

Different types of wheelchairs require different handling, too. With a manual wheelchair, you need to manage balance by keeping an eye on the front wheels, rear wheels, and footrests. Power wheelchairs, although heavier, often work well with stair lifts or platform lifts, which means you won’t have to lift them manually as much. Stair climbing wheelchairs are designed specifically for stairs, making the whole process safer and easier.

Lastly, assess whether you need additional assistance or equipment.

Can one caregiver handle this, or is a two-person assist safer?
Before starting, does the person in the wheelchair have their safety harness or belt on?
Would the caregiver benefit from using a rollator or other supportive equipment for balance?

Addressing these questions ahead of time helps keep everyone safer.

Manual Techniques for Getting a Wheelchair Up Stairs

Manual techniques can work well for helping someone in a wheelchair navigate stairs, but you need to plan ahead, and use proper technique and communication. Safety should always come first to prevent injuries to both the caregiver and the person in the wheelchair. Below, we break down essential lifting techniques and how to safely execute a two-person lift.

Proper Lifting Techniques: Protect Yourself and the Wheelchair User

Using correct lifting techniques is vital to avoid strain or injury, especially when moving someone in a wheelchair, particularly one you are unfamiliar with. Here’s how to do it safely:

Positioning and grip:
- Stand behind the wheelchair, gripping the rear wheels and frame firmly.
- Place one hand near the rear wheels and the other on the back of the wheelchair for stability.
- If the wheelchair has footrests, ensure they are folded up and secured to help prevent tripping hazards.
Lifting with your legs:
- Bend your knees, not your waist, to lift using your leg muscles. This helps protect your back and provides more power.
- Maintain a stable stance by keeping your feet shoulder-width apart.
- Avoid twisting while lifting; move your whole body with the wheelchair.
Maintaining control:
- Steady the front wheels to help prevent sudden jerks or tipping.
- Use slow, controlled movements when lifting or lowering the wheelchair.
- Stay aware of your physical limits; don’t push beyond your ability.
Communication is key:
- Clearly communicate your plan with the person in the wheelchair before lifting.
- Count down before starting movements (e.g., “Ready, one, two, three—lift!”).
- Give verbal updates during the process, especially if you need to stop or adjust.

Two-Person Manual Lift

When moving someone in a wheelchair up stairs manually, using a two-person assist method is safer and more stable than attempting it alone, particularly on long or steep staircases.

Roles and Responsibilities:

Person One (Rear Support):
- Stands behind the wheelchair, gripping the rear wheels and the frame.
- Lifts from the back, using proper body mechanics.
- Provides most of the lifting force and controls the back wheels.
Person Two (Front Support):
- Positions in front of the wheelchair, holding the front wheels or footplate.
- Guides and stabilizes the wheelchair, helping ensure it doesn’t tilt forward.
- Watches for hazards on the steps and speaks up if adjustments are needed.

Using Safety Equipment:

Harnesses and straps: Secure the wheelchair user with a safety harness to help prevent them from slipping forward.
Wheelie bars: If the wheelchair has wheelie bars, use them to maintain balance during the lift.

Coordinating Movements:

Communicate clearly: The person at the rear wheels should lead with instructions.
Lift together: Sync your movements with a countdown to help avoid sudden jerks.
Take breaks if necessary: Rest after finishing part of the stairs.

When to Avoid Manual Lifts:

If the wheelchair user is too heavy for the caregivers to lift safely.
When the stairs are wet, slippery, or lack secure handrails.
For individuals with spinal cord injuries, where sudden movements could cause harm.
If the caregiver has limited mobility or is inexperienced with wheelchair assistance techniques.

Equipment and Devices for Assisting Wheelchair Users

Choosing the right mobility equipment can make a huge difference when helping someone in a wheelchair up the stairs. From simple portable ramps to high-tech stair-climbing wheelchairs, here’s a look at possible choices:

Portable Ramps

Portable ramps are an affordable and handy solution to help wheelchair users navigate stairs. They come in three main types: foldable, telescoping, and modular.

Foldable ramps are light and easy to store for quick, temporary use. Telescoping ramps adjust in length, providing flexibility for different stair heights. Modular ramps, made from sturdy materials, are ideal for semi-permanent or long-term use, as they can be customized to fit a variety of spaces.

Although portable ramps are practical for short flights of stairs, they may be unsuitable for steep inclines or longer staircases, which require specialized equipment.

Stair-Climbing Wheelchairs

These wheelchair lifts use rotating tracks or powered wheels to climb stairs, making them a valuable solution for both indoor and outdoor use. They are particularly valuable for those with limited mobility or spinal cord injuries. Models like the Scewo BRO, known for its smart controls and sleek design, and the TopChair-S, capable of handling various terrains, are popular choices.

Stair-climbing wheelchairs reduce caregiver strain and offer independence, making them a practical option for both indoor and outdoor use.

Stair Lifts and Platform Lifts

Stair lifts and platform lifts provide permanent, reliable solutions for multi-level homes. Stair lifts transport individuals seated in a motorized chair along a track attached to the staircase, making them suitable for users who can transfer from their wheelchair to the lift seat. In contrast, platform lifts accommodate both the wheelchair and the user, lifting them together, making this option essential for those who use wheelchairs and cannot transfer easily.

Installation Process: Both types of lifts require professional installation. Stair lift installation is typically quicker, while platform lifts may need more extensive home modifications.
Long-Term Use Benefits: Both systems enhance accessibility, ease caregiver strain, and improve safety. Stair lifts are ideal for users who can transfer but need stair assistance, while platform lifts are the best option for those who cannot transfer. Both lifts often qualify for financial assistance programs, making them a practical investment that adds long-term value and supports aging in place.

Learn about working with aging in place specialists to determine which lift fits your home and budget.

Alternative Solutions for Navigating Stairs

When stairs pose a challenge for wheelchair users, alternative solutions can offer safer and more practical options. Here’s how to navigate accessibility beyond manual lifts and stair-climbing devices:

1. Use Accessible Routes: Elevators and Alternative Entrances

Elevators: In public buildings or multi-level homes, elevators are the most reliable way to move a wheelchair between floors. For private homes, installing a home elevator can be a smart, long-term investment.
Alternative Entrances: Look for ground-level or side entrances that let you avoid stairs altogether. Modern buildings often feature ramp access and automatic doors for extra convenience.

2. Permanent Home Modifications for Accessibility

Wheelchair Ramps: These are custom-built for barrier-free access, usually following ADA guidelines with secure handrails and non-slip surfaces.
Platform Lifts: These vertical lifts can transport a manual wheelchair, power wheelchair, or stair-climbing wheelchair between levels without needing an elevator.
Stair lifts: A chair attached to a track that glides up and down stairs, suitable for users who can transfer from their wheelchair to a seat.

3. Explore Nursing Home Costs as an Alternative

When considering care options beyond your home, it can help to compare the cost of these modifications to long-term care home expenses. Even though nursing homes can be pricey, many families find that upgrading their home with ramps and lifts is a better way to support aging in place and maintain independence. Explore options and learn more about nursing home costs to make an informed decision.

Safety Tips and Precautions

What to Avoid:
- Never lift from the front of the wheelchair without help.
- Don’t attempt steep stairs without proper equipment.
- Avoid using excessive force or unsafe lifting techniques.
When to Seek Professional Help:
- For multi-level homes, install a stair lift or platform lift.
- Consult healthcare providers or aging in place specialists.
- Prioritize safety without sacrificing comfort—explore how safety and style can coexist with accessible home upgrades like walk-in showers and modern grab bars.

Frequently Asked Questions

How do people in wheelchairs go up stairs?

Using portable ramps, stair-climbing wheelchairs, or stair lifts. Manual lifts with proper safety techniques can also help.

What device is used to get a wheelchair up stairs?

Common options include portable ramps, stair lifts, platform lifts, and stair-climbing wheelchairs.

What are the best methods for lifting a wheelchair up stairs?

A two-person assist with proper technique or using mobility equipment like stair lifts or climbing wheelchairs.

Do people in wheelchairs need help to go up stairs?

Often, yes. Professional assistance or the right mobility equipment helps ensure safety for everyone involved.